Formulation and Evaluation of a Herbal Nanodressing Using Clove, Cinnamon Bark, and Betel Leaf Extracts: A Simple Solvent Casting Approach

Abstract

Background:
Wound healing is a complex physiological process that requires an optimal environment to prevent infection, reduce inflammation, and promote tissue regeneration. Herbal nanodressings offer a promising alternative to synthetic dressings due to their bioactive, biocompatible, and cost-effective nature.

Materials and Methods:

Hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained via Soxhlet extraction, and nanoparticles were optionally prepared through ultrasonication. The extracts or nanosuspensions were incorporated into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix and cast into films. These nanodressings were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, antimicrobial activity (disc diffusion method).

Results:
The films were uniform, flexible, and biocompatible with high folding endurance (>300), tensile strength (12.5 MPa), and optimal pH (6.4). Antimicrobial testing revealed strong inhibition zones against S. aureus (18.2 mm), E. coli (15.7 mm), and P. aeruginosa (14.3 mm).

Conclusion:
The developed herbal nanodressing provides a low-cost, scalable, and effective wound management system with significant antimicrobial and wound healing potential, ideal for use in resource-limited settings.