Advancing neuroaids therapy: a comprehensive review of atazanavir-loaded s-snedds for targeted cns drug delivery

Abstract

Background

NeuroAIDS remains a significant clinical challenge due to the restricted ability of antiretroviral drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), leading to persistent viral reservoirs within the central nervous system (CNS). Atazanavir, a protease inhibitor, exhibits poor aqueous solubility and limited CNS penetration, necessitating innovative delivery strategies to enhance its therapeutic efficacy in neuro-HIV management.

Objective

This review aims to evaluate the potential of Supersaturated Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (S-SNEDDS) in improving the bioavailability and CNS delivery of Atazanavir. It also explores synergistic components such as rosemary oil and their role in neuroprotective effects within the context of NeuroAIDS.

Methods

A comprehensive literature survey was conducted using peer-reviewed articles from databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies related to SNEDDS, S-SNEDDS, Atazanavir delivery, CNS targeting, BBB modulation, and phytochemical-based neuroprotection were critically analyzed and synthesized.

Results

Evidence from literature suggests that S-SNEDDS can significantly enhance the solubility and oral absorption of Atazanavir. Specific excipients such as surfactants and co-solvents have been reported to modulate BBB permeability, potentially facilitating CNS drug delivery. Rosemary oil components like carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid exhibit promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, offering neuroprotective benefits. However, these findings are primarily based on in vitro and preclinical studies, indicating a need for further translational research.

Conclusion

Atazanavir-loaded S-SNEDDS represent a promising strategy for overcoming current limitations in NeuroAIDS therapy by enhancing CNS drug targeting. While current evidence is encouraging, further clinical and pharmacokinetic validation is essential. The integration of smart healthcare technologies may further optimize such delivery systems in the future.