2026-05-19T04:10:14Z https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/oai

oai:ojs2.literaryvoiceglobal.in:article/29 2023-12-09T05:35:17Z files:ART

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oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/79 2026-01-29T10:08:40Z files:ART

Survey of Sisanie Grandiflora Nephropathy Diabetic Action Satya Prakash Atul Pratap Singh Rajkumar Mansi Aggarwal Aakash Kumar Jaiswal Komal Sesbania grandiflora, Folk medicine, Medicinal properties, Anti-diabetes Activity. The Sesbania grandiflora is utilised in folk medicine for different ailments and infections as tuberculosis, anaemia, microbial infections, etc. Additionally, S.grandiflora is utilised as a strong As a traditional medicine, Sesbania gran many parts offer a wide range of pharmacological actions to treat conditions like diabetes, liver disorders, antioxidant properties, hypouricemia activity, and enzyme inhibitors. Sesbania has 60 global species that can be found. These species are typically found in Australia, Africa and Asia. All components of the plant have various therapeutic properties. Pharmacologists are seeking to produce innovative drugs from natural sources, notably Sesbania grandiflora. The therapeutic usefulness, pharmacological activity, and medicinal qualities of Sesbania grandiflora are the subjects of the current review. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2023-08-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/79 10.62218/ijrdt.v1i1.79 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 1, Issue 1, July-Sep, 2023 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/79/47 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.literaryvoiceglobal.in:article/80 2023-08-18T11:00:32Z files:ART

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/81 2025-12-26T09:53:20Z files:ART

A Comprehensive Review of Aloe Vera: Health Benefits, Mechanisms of Action and Future Perspectives Akhtar Wasim Naziya Alam Saif Singh Atul Pratap Health, Phytochemical, healing, Inflamatory, anti oxidant. Aloe vera, a kind of succulent plant with a long history of medicinal usage, has attracted a lot of interest recently because of its many health advantages. With an emphasis on aloe vera's possible health-promoting characteristics, underlying mechanisms of action, and future opportunities for research and application, this in-depth review attempts to give a full examination of the scientific knowledge now available about it. The review covers a broad range of subjects, such as phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, wound healing capabilities, gastrointestinal advantages, immune-modulating properties, and probable anticancer action. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2023-08-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/81 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 1, Issue 1, July-Sep, 2023 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/81/36 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/82 2025-12-26T09:53:20Z files:ART

A Review of Recent Advancement of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems Bharti Priya Kumar Manoj Kumar Navneet Advancement of TDDS, Polyvinyl Chloride, Dispensing a range of medications. It works pretty simply; a medication is placed within patch, which is then worn on skin for an extended period of time. This results in a sustained medication concentration in blood for a considerable amount of time. A polymer matrix, a drug, & permeation enhancers are three main components of TDDS. Polymers can be either natural or manufactured & include Zein & Shellac as well as Poly-butadiene, Polysiloxane, Polyvinyl Chloride & Polyvinyl Alcohol. Reservoir & matrix systems, single layer drug in adhesive, multi layer drug in adhesive are some of several configurations of TDDS. More than 35 products are currently approved for sale in US, & roughly 16- active components are approved for use as TDDSs globally, indicating rapid expansion of the market for TDDS goods. Transdermal drug delivery is covert component of therapy employed in general population, despite fact that developing nations like INDIA have second biggest population & are also most expensive. TDDS is a relatively new technology that has potential to significantly decrease use for needles while dispensing a range of medications. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2023-08-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/82 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 1, Issue 1, July-Sep, 2023 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/82/37 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/83 2025-12-26T09:53:20Z files:ART

Comprehensive Review of the Neem Plant's Attributes and Applications Akhtar Wasim Naziya Husain Bushra Rani Rakhi Verma Ashish Azadirachta indica, modern medicine, agriculture, bioactive compounds, sustainable development. The neem plant (Azadirachta indica) is an ancient and versatile botanical resource that has been revered for its numerous medicinal, agricultural, and industrial applications. This review article provides a comprehensive examination of the neem plant, covering its botanical description, traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological properties. The introduction highlights the historical, cultural, and economic significance of the neem plant, emphasizing its widespread utilization in traditional medicine, agriculture, and various other domains. The botanical description and taxonomy section offer a detailed overview of the neem plant's characteristics, including its scientific classification and morphological features. Exploring the traditional and historical uses of the neem plant, this article presents its diverse applications in different cultures and regions. It discusses its role in traditional medicine, agricultural practices, pest control, cosmetic preparations, and cultural rituals, showcasing the long-standing cultural importance of the neem plant. The chemical composition section delves into the bioactive compounds found in the neem plant, such as nimbin, azadirachtin, nimbolide, and limonoids. Extraction methods for these compounds are also discussed, shedding light on their potential applications. The pharmacological properties section examines the extensive research on the neem plant's antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. It explores the mechanisms of action and the therapeutic potential of neem-derived compounds, offering insights into their biomedical applications. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2023-08-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/83 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 1, Issue 1, July-Sep, 2023 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/83/38 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/85 2026-01-29T10:57:44Z files:ART

Development Optimization of Anthelmintic Activity of Herbal Formulation Singh Atul Pratap Prakash Satya Kumar Raj Aggarwal Mansi Jaiswal Aakash Kumar Komal Trichosanthes dioica, Azadirachta indica, Anthelmintic activity, Ascaridia galli Various Asian traditional medical systems have reported the use of Azadirachta indica leaves and Trichosanthes dioica seeds as herbal remedies for anthelmintic purposes in ethnopharmacology. The present study aimed to develop a herbal formulation containing A. indica leaves and T. dioica seeds and to evaluate its anthelmintic activity in order to determine the optimal dose for maximum efficacy. For tablet formulation, preformulation studies were conducted. Experimental investigations were carried out on nematodes and Ascaridia galli to assess and compare the anthelmintic efficacy of three formulations (F1, F2, and F3). Albendazole was used as the standard reference drug. For each formulation and the standard, the time required for worm paralysis and death (lethal time) was recorded. The results demonstrated that A. was significantly paralyzed and killed by all tested formulations. Among them, formulation F1, containing a 1:1 ratio of both plant extracts, showed the highest anthelmintic activity by exhibiting the shortest paralysis and lethal times. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2023-08-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/85 10.62218/ijrdt.v1i1.85 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 1, Issue 1, July-Sep, 2023 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/85/39 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/86 2025-12-26T09:53:20Z files:ART

Formulation and Evaluation of Venlafaxine Sustained-Release Tablets for Improved Patient Compliance: A Comprehensive Review Singh Anuj Kumar Mujahid Mohd Venlafaxine, Sustained-release, Patient Compliance, Formulation, Evaluation, Depression, Anxiety Disorders. The prevalence of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders has highlighted the need for more effective and patient-friendly therapeutic approaches. Among these, Venlafaxine, a serotonin-nor epinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), is an often prescribed medication. However, its twice-daily dosage regimen can be inconvenient, leading to non-compliance. To address this issue, the development of sustained-release formulations of Venlafaxine is becoming increasingly relevant. This review paper comprehensively discusses the formulation and evaluation of Venlafaxine sustained-release tablets, with an emphasis on how this approach may enhance patient compliance. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2023-08-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/86 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 1, Issue 1, July-Sep, 2023 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/86/40 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/87 2025-12-26T09:53:20Z files:ART

Navigating the Complexities of Alopecia Areata: A Comprehensive Analysis Anshu Farooqui Nasir Ahmad Bhardwaj Muskan Jahan Iram Ali Shadab Ali Sayad Ahad Alopecia Areata, Alopecia Universalis, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, hair Cycle, Hair follicle. One prevalent type of body and head hair loss that doesn't leave scars is called alopecia areata (AA). In this Review, we studied the Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata, Epidemiology, Cells implicated in alopecia areata immune reactions, Immunology, Environmental Factors, Genetic Factors, Causes of alopecia areata, Traditional Treatments of alopecia areata. The peer-reviewed literature release from 2010 & 2022 was thoroughly searched using Medline, Embase, Amed, Co-chrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Psych INFO & Lilacs. All randomized controlled studies (RCTs) thatassessed efficacy systemic therapies for people with alopecia areata, totalis & universalis were included. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2023-08-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/87 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 1, Issue 1, July-Sep, 2023 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/87/46 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/88 2025-12-26T09:53:20Z files:ART

Photochemical Properties and Biological Activities of Bauhinia Varigata: A Comprehensive Review Kumar Raj Goyal Vishant B.V. linn (leguminosae) phyto-chemical activity and biological activity. A little orchid tree is known as Bauhinia variegata linn. It also goes by the name "kachnar." It is a member of most archaic subfamily of the (Caesalpinoideae) and family “Leguminosae”. It is a medicinal plant & different parts of plant are used in hemio-pathy, unani & ayurveda in India to treat a variety of diseases. These parts of plant include leaves, flower buds & flowers, stem bark, root bark & stem seed. All crude evaluations of the arial portion of the bauhinia variegate linn for in (vitro and vivo) were made. The chemical components flavonoids, glycoside, steroids, tannins & reducing sugar that were so far identified from plants. The pharmacological properties of Bauhinia variegate Linn include anti-oxidant, antibacterial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, antiinflammetory, antiulcer, Nephroprotective action, immunomodulator effect & last wound healing activity. The current study is based on a review article that presented screening of B.V. linn in phyto-chemical activity and biological activity as well as future research on B.V. linn. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2023-08-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/88 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 1, Issue 1, July-Sep, 2023 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/88/42 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/89 2025-12-26T09:53:20Z files:ART

Self Nanoemulsions for Oral Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Review Kumar Pradeep Prakash Satya Nano-Emulsion, Submicron emulsion, Surfactant, co-surfactant, Bioavailability. Nanotechnology is firmly acknowledged as significant methodology in drug conveyance that could impact the remedial exhibition of hydrophobic medications. SNEDDS are one of demonstrated strategies that can expand solvency & bioavailability of ineffectively H2O solvent medications. SNEDDS are anhydrous homogenous fluid combinations comprising of oil, surface active agent, co-surfactant, & medications, which suddenly structure o/w Nano- emulsions when weakened with water under delicate fomentation. SNEDDS give a few likely impacts on oral medication conveyance. This article presents an outline of SNEDDS alongside their fundamentals, for example, piece, arrangement, portrayal, potential impacts related with oral conveyance, applications, monetarily accessible items, cutting edge innovation related with SNEDDS & moving. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2023-08-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/89 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 1, Issue 1, July-Sep, 2023 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/89/43 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.literaryvoiceglobal.in:article/90 2023-12-08T10:38:12Z files:ART

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/91 2025-12-26T09:53:20Z files:ART

Therapeutics of Nipha virus: Recent Development and Advances Anshu Bhardwaj Muskan Sharma Himachal Rana Pratibha The Nipah virus (NiV) is a virus with high fatality rate causes mortality. Historically afflicted many developing countries. Several countries with developing economies, including Future outbreaks are likely to threaten Thailand, Cambodia & Madagascar, according to Centres for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC). Little has been accomplished in nearly 20 years since 1st case of NiV was reported in terms of developing a treatment & vaccine. Since many underdeveloped countries lack capacity to combat epidemic, it is imperative to properly educate health systems. An epi demiological back-drop, comprehension of how this lethal virus is transmitted, how it appears & methods of diagnosis & prevention are among aims of this review. The emergence of novel viruses & diversity of viruses are occurring at an alarming rate. Due to the sudden emergence of the (NiV), serious concerns have been raised over its immediate management using conventional medical treatments & testing processes. When (NiV) enters host cell via a cell surface receptor, syncytium is created. The virus is discharged into circulation & spreads to other organs as syncytium gradually breaks down. By targeted tagging & blocking action of viral surface proteins, NiV infection can be selectively detected & neutralised with aid of nanotechnology. Creating a targeted nano-system against these expressed pro-teins may also aid in preventing spread of viral infection because NiV-infected cells also produce these viral surface proteins, which aid in creation of the syncytium. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2023-08-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/91 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 1, Issue 1, July-Sep, 2023 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/91/44 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/92 2026-03-06T07:36:03Z files:ART

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/98 2026-01-10T07:18:57Z files:cv

A Review on Black Fungus Infection or Mucormycosis Disease Priyanka, Priyanka Singh The purpose of this research is to ascertain how the SARS‑CoV‑2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus-2) affects the global spread of black fungus, a disease that can be fatal and extremely harmful. COVID-19 is wreaking havoc on millions of people around but a second epidemic known as the "black fungus" has also emerged, robbing individuals of their lives, particularly those who are recuperating from the virus. Again, sentiment analysis of social media data can be used to examine popular perceptions of these pandemics. The corona-virus illness (COVID-19) is a human-to-human transmissible disease that has been deemed an emergency worldwide pandemic. It has killed over half a billion people and severely damaged the respiratory systems of over five million individuals. Countries currently only aim to create strategies that are in line with the current circumstances surrounding the use of antibiotics for eye infections. A potentially fatal fungal illness, black fungus typically begins as a nose infection and progresses to the eyes and, in rare circumstances, the brain. Immuno-suppression is one of the well-known risk factors for developing black fungus in individuals who have recovered from COVID-19, pre-existing diseases, extended and careless steroid usage, and unsanitary surroundings. The uncommon but deadly disease known as mucormycosis, often called black fungus infection, is more likely to strike those with compromised immune systems. In addition to being trapped in sinusoidal gaps, the fungus is found to be selective for the brain and lungs. An opportunistic fungal illness that spreads quickly and is lethal is called mucormycosis. Therefore, early detection and treatment are essential to preventing high rates of morbidity and mortality. Inhaled filamentous (hyphal) fungi are the primary cause of mucormycosis, particularly in individuals with impaired immune systems. A startling number of COVID-19 patients had mucormycosis infections, according to recent exams. Due to their diabetes and the steroids, they were prescribed for their Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona-virus 2 infection; the majority of these patients were susceptible to developing mucormycosis (SARS-CoV-2). As a result, the review's main focus is on mucormycosis and associated issues, such as how it affects those who are healthy and those who are afflicted with COVID-19, as well as the causes and challenges of treating this black Mold illness. If this fungus is identified early and fully studied, patients with COVID-19 will have a significantly lower death rate and illness severity. This review will include immune system reactions to mucormycosis, risk variables associated with mucormycosis in COVID-19, fungal prophylaxis, and fungal pneumonia that mimic COVID-19. When a person is exposed to mucormycosis, a pathological condition known as the black fungus appears at the same time that the virus begins to recover. The risks and symptoms of the illness do not make getting Covid 19 less likely. As a result, Nations at mucormycosis, another name for mucormycosis, is a rare type of fungal illness. These fungi can infiltrate the body through breathing, inhaling, or skin wound exposure. They are often found in the environment, especially on leaves, soil, compost, and animal dung. Mucormycosis (black fungus) has become very common among COVID-19 patients as a result of using industrial oxygen combined with filthy cylinders and infected pipes for oxygen supply. We report the results of research on patients who recovered from COVID-19 mucormycosis. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2026-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/98 10.62218/ijrdt.v1i3.98 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 3, Issue 1, Jan-Mar, 2025 2584-0290 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/99 2026-01-10T07:27:24Z files:ART

In-vitro Comparative Study Different Brands of Tenegliptin and Metformin HCl Prolonged Release Tablets by UV Spectroscopy Pragati, Pragati Pundir Evaluation of the quality control standards of different generic brands of Teneligliptin & Metformin HCl extended-release tablets has been compare with the innovator Glucophage XR®. The objective of this study is to determine the dissolution data by using f1 & f2.In this dissolution test following general method using 6.8 pH phosphate buffer volume 1000 ml at 100 rpm, USP I apparatus and also by using UV spectrum at 232nm. The uniformity of weight for the Six brands of this tablet with values that compiled with I.P specification and deviated less than 5% from the mean value. Using hardness tester, the strength of the tablets determined. Hardness of the tablets was in the range of 5.60±0.13 - 7.98±0.18kg/cm2 with all brands. The result of tablet friability test of all brands tested with friability values of 0.110% to 0.821% w/w. According to I.P. no batch having friability value > 1%w/w. This study concludes the physicochemical characteristic of six brands of this tablet complied with the official IP specification for hardness, friability, weight variation and dissolution. F1 and f2 factor provide uniformity in five brands of this tablet and analysis suggest that the Ingola M brand fails the test. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2024-08-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/99 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 2, Issue 1, Jan-Mar, 2024; 1-10 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/99/49 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/100 2026-01-10T07:27:24Z files:ART

A Review on Synthesis and Biological Activity of Thiazole and it's Derivatives Vikash, Vikash Kumar Thiazole, synthesis, Heterocyclic Compound, derivatives, biological activities. The continuous review gives a blueprint of the natural activities of thiazole during the earlier years. It is heterocyclic blends, Thiazole, conceivably of the most generally perceived five-membered heterocyclic compound, has a nitrogen particle at position 3 and a sulfur bit at position 1. It is a critical arrangement of a gigantic number of made compounds. Its different pharmacological development is reflected in many clinically upheld thiazolecontaining particles with, broad assortment of normal activities, similar to antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anthelmintic, antitumor, and quieting influences. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2024-08-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/100 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 2, Issue 1, Jan-Mar, 2024; 10-15 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/100/51 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/101 2026-01-10T07:27:24Z files:ART

Pharmacological activities and phytochemistry of alstonia scholaris Wasim Akhtar Alstonia scholaris is a widely used plant in traditional medicine for various diseases and ailments.it has pharmacological properties beneficial to human health, it extract showed anti-stress, anti-oxidant, nootropic, cytotoxic, anti-cancer and anti-malarial effect. It also has anti-anxiety, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, anti-asthmatic, hepatoprotective anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. phytochemical investigation reveals presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides and phenolic acid. Methanol extract of Alstonia scholaris’ flowers shows powerful antioxidant activity than fruits. The leaves are used for diahhroea, dysentery, malaria and snake bites. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2024-08-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/101 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 2, Issue 1, Jan-Mar, 2024; 16-20 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/101/52 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/102 2026-01-10T07:27:24Z files:ART

A Study on Monoclonal Antibodies & their Applications Singh, Pratibha Singh For many investigations in molecular immunology, monoclonal antibodies are crucial instruments. Monoclonal antibodies facilitate antigen profiling and macromolecular surface visualization, particularly when used in conjunction with methods like epitope mapping and molecular modeling. Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies are now essential elements of many clinical laboratory assays. Because producing monoclonal antibodies is labor-intensive and time-consuming but incredibly satisfying, they are only manufactured when necessary. This is especially true if the monoclonal antibody helps with clinical diagnosis and patient therapy, or if it can be used successfully in a standard pathology laboratory. The creation and application of monoclonal antibodies is the subject of this essay, which should improve knowledge and inspire fresh concepts in scientists and physicians. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2024-08-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/102 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 2, Issue 1, Jan-Mar, 2024; 21-26 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/102/53 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/103 2026-01-10T07:27:24Z files:ART

Formulation and Evaluation of Carvedilol Transdermal Patches for the Treatment of Hypertension Sharma, Akash Sharma Carvedilol is a drug used to treat high blood pressure. It has a 6 hour half-life & a 25% oral bioavailability due to 1st pass metabolism. Frequent dosage was required because the daily maximum dose of cartedilol is 50mg. To improve patient compliance & drug's absorption, carvedilol transdermal patches were developed. Using the solvent casting technique, various formulations were produced by varying the ratios of HPMC, Methyl Cellulose, and PVP. The tested formulations were evaluated for weight variation, patch thickness, folding toughness, drug content, rates of moisture absorption & loss, in-vitro drug release, among other things. It was feasible to evaluate how altering the concentrations of HPMC (X1) & PVC (X2) would impact the results using a 32 full factorial design, i.e. Tensile strength & proportion of medicine released in 20 hours (Q20) are dependent variables. Regression analysis & analysis of variance were performed on dependent variables. To increase the features of its release, it is conceivable that carvedilol might be turned into transdermal patches. The combination HPMC, Methyl Cellulose, & PVP (3:1) F7 was shown to be best for controlled release because it released 84.36% of medication in 24 hours. To boost absorption and prolong the duration of transdermal patch therapy for hypertension, medicine had to be administered over undamaged skin at a controlled rate. The advantages the skin has over many other routes of drug administration include capacity to avoid issues with gastric discomfort, gastric emptying rate, prevent hepatic first-pass metabolism hence enhancing the bioavailability of drug, and reducing the danger of systemic side effects. Keywords: Transdermal Patch, Moisture Absorption, Hypertension, Enhancing the Bioavailability Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2024-08-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/103 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 2, Issue 1, Jan-Mar, 2024; 27-34 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/103/54 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/104 2026-01-10T07:27:24Z files:ART

‘‘The Effectiveness of Recreational Therapy on Dementia Patients’’ Vivek, Vivek Kumar Therapy for dementia patients encompasses a range of interventions aimed at improving quality of life, cognitive function, and emotional wellbeing. Nonpharmacological therapies, including cognitive stimulation, physical exercise, music therapy, and reminiscence therapy, have shown promise in enhancing memory, mood, and overall engagement. These approaches often focus on maintaining cognitive function, reducing behavioral symptoms, and fostering social interaction. Pharmacological treatments, primarily cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, can provide symptomatic relief but do not halt disease progression. Integrative therapy models that combine pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies offer the most comprehensive benefits. Recent advancements highlight the importance of personalized therapy plans tailored to individual patient needs, underlining the multifaceted nature of effective dementia care. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2024-08-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/104 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 2, Issue 1, Jan-Mar, 2024; 35-39 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/104/55 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

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Formulation and Optimization of Posaconazole Nano-suspension satya, Satya Prakash A nano-suspension prepared with posaconazole was optimised via CCD. The morphological studies produced evidence of the drug's amorphous state (SEM and PXRD). In vitro, there was a higher release of medicines from the nano-suspension than from the pure drugs. When the medication is prepared as a nano-suspension, its oral bioavailability is enhanced compared to the commercial version. Stability tests indicated that the formulation stayed stable for up to six months. The QbD technique was employed to examine the effects of CPPs and CMAs on CQAs, thereby augmenting the formulation's safety and quality. The quantity of Tween-20, soy lecithin, and carbopol-934, as well as process variables such method PB, are critical material features. RSM's CCD was used to improve the nano-suspension. Posaconazole was chosen since it is prescribed to treat oral candidiasis that is resistant to other triazole derivatives. Furthermore, the optimised nano-suspension was assessed. The lower PDI values, increased drug concentration, smooth and spherical particles with increased entrapment efficiency, and improved bioavailability all corroborate the anticipated characteristics of the nano-suspension. The results show that QbD is an effective tool for novel drug delivery systems, which is significant since it aids in the USFDA's and the Indian market's efforts to lower manufacturing costs, enhance safety and quality, and lessen production variability. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2024-08-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/106 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 2, Issue 1, Jan-Mar, 2024; 40-49 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/106/56 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

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Formulation and Evaluation of Baclofen Nano-emulsion for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis satya, Satya Prakash In conclusion, the development and assessment of Baclofen nano-emulsion present a promising therapeutic avenue for addressing multiple sclerosis. This research aimed to fabricate and appraise the Nano-emulsion of Baclofen using the high-shear homogenization method. Various parameters such as Physical Appearance, pH, viscosity, % drug content, centrifugation, UV spectroscopy, and Fourier transform spectroscopy were evaluated to gauge the formulations' quality. Moreover, in vitro drug release studies and stability assessments were conducted. Formulation F5 exhibited a viscosity of 5920cp, and formulation F5 demonstrated the optimal drug release rate of 98.12% within 6 hours. Stability assessments revealed minor alterations in formulations after two months at 4°C ± 2 and 75% ± 5% humidity. These findings underscore the potential of nanoemulsions as a viable vehicle for orally administering Baclofen to treat sclerosis. Leveraging nanotechnology's advantages, this innovative formulation offers prospects for enhanced drug delivery, improved therapeutic efficacy, and mitigated adverse effects compared to conventional treatment modalities. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2024-08-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/108 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 2, Issue 1, Jan-Mar, 2024; 50-59 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/108/57 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

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’Assessing the Impact of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Dementia Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Vivek, Vivek Kumar Dementia presents complex challenges in healthcare, necessitating innovative approaches beyond traditional pharmacological interventions. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have garnered attention for their potential benefits in addressing cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms in dementia patients. This research article provides a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of existing literature to evaluate the effectiveness of MBIs on various outcomes in dementia management, including cognitive function, mood regulation, and quality of life. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2024-08-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/110 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 2, Issue 1, Jan-Mar, 2024; 60-64 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/110/58 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/111 2026-01-10T07:27:24Z files:ART

Studies on Hepatoprotective Properties of leaf Extracts of Azadirachta indica in 2-nitropropane Induced Hepatotoxicity Atar, Atar Singh These days, there are very few hepatoprotective medications accessible to treat liver diseases. Jaundice has historically been treated using herbal remedies like Phyllanthus niruri. To determine which phytoconstituents are responsible for the hepatoprotective action, studies have been carried out on a variety of herbal plants. The goals of this study are to examine the effectiveness of ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica and assess its hepatoprotective impact in rats that have been induced hepatotoxicity by 2-nitropropane. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2024-08-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/111 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 2, Issue 1, Jan-Mar, 2024; 65-76 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/111/59 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/112 2026-01-10T07:27:24Z files:ART

DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BENZOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVE AS ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS Atar, Atar Singh Benzothiazoles have played an important role in the field of biochemistry and medicinal chemistry due to their highly pharmaceutical and biological activity. The development of synthetic processes is undoubtedly one of the most significant problems facing researchers. In this review paper, we provided recent advances in the synthesis of benzothiazole compounds related to green chemistry from condensation of 2-aminobenzenethiol with aldehydes/ketones/acids/acyl chlorides and the cyclization of thioamide or carbon dioxide (CO2) as raw materials, and the future development trend and prospect of the synthesis of benzothiazoles were anticipated. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2024-08-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/112 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 2, Issue 1, Jan-Mar, 2024; 77-85 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/112/60 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/113 2026-01-10T07:27:24Z files:ART

INVESTIGATING THE ESTROGENIC EFFECTS OF TEST ITEMS VIA ORAL ADMINISTRATION IN A FEMALE RAT OVARIECTOMY MODEL vk, vivek To evaluate the effects of estrogen and estrogenic compounds on cognition in ovariectomized rats. Female Albino wistar rats (3–5 months old) weighing 250–300 g were randomly divided into seven groups: Sham, ovariectomized (OVX), OVX plus estradiol valerate, OVX plus ipriflavone, OVX plus raloxifene, OVX plus tibolone, OVX plus low-dose estradiol   valerate and  ipriflavone.  All   treatments   were   given orally for 3 months; whereas the drug groups received indicated drugs, the Sham and OVX control groups received saline. The escape latency of rats was tested by the Morris water maze test and the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in hippocampus was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The level of serum estradiol and the diameter of the endometrial gland and the thickness of endometrium were also evaluated. The latency of the OVX group was noticeably longer than that of the Sham group, and the latency of all treatment groups was lower than that of OVX rats. The expression of APP mRNA in the hippocampii of OVX rats was significantly increased relative to that in Sham rats; interestingly, expression of APP in treatment groups was significantly reduced relative to OVX rats. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2024-08-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/113 10.62218/ijrdt.v1i2.113 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 2, Issue 1, Jan-Mar, 2024; 86-99 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/113/61 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/114 2026-01-10T07:27:24Z files:ART

Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Potential Of Helianthus Annuus Seed & Syzygium Cumini In The Suitable Experimental Model vk, vivek Diabetes Mellitus is a rapidly growing global health concern with significant morbidity and mortality rates. With the limitations of current treatment modalities, research focus is shifting towards exploring potential medicinal properties of natural substances. This study aims to investigate the anti-diabetic properties of Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seeds and Syzygium cumini (Java plum) in a relevant experimental model. These plants have been traditionally used in folk medicine, and previous studies have suggested potential anti-diabetic activity. Our research will focus on assessing their influence on blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress markers. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of these plants in diabetes management, contributing to the ongoing search for effective, safe, and affordable plant-based therapies for diabetes. A comprehensive evaluation may pave the way for the development of novel, plant-derived anti-diabetic therapies. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2024-08-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/114 10.62218/ijrdt.v1i2.114 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 2, Issue 1, Jan-Mar, 2024; 100-107 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/114/62 Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/115 2026-01-10T07:18:57Z files:ART

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLIC AND TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENTS OF WHOLE PLANT EXTRACTS TORILIS LEPTOPHYLLA L Sharma, Sandhya The study investigates the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of whole plant extracts of Torilis leptophylla L., a medicinal plant with potential therapeutic benefits. Extracts were prepared using various solvents to maximize the extraction of bioactive compounds. The antioxidant activity was assessed using standard assays such as DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. The TPC and TFC were quantified using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Results demonstrated significant antioxidant activity across all extracts, with ethanol extracts exhibiting the highest potency. The TPC and TFC analyses revealed a strong correlation between phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity. These findings highlight Torilis leptophylla L. as a promising source of natural antioxidants, supporting its potential use in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Further studies are recommended to isolate and characterize individual phenolic and flavonoid compounds responsible for the observed activities. This research explores the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of whole plant extracts from Torilis leptophylla L., an underutilized medicinal plant known for its health benefits. The study involved the extraction of bioactive compounds using solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and aqueous solutions to determine the most effective extraction method. Antioxidant activities were evaluated through multiple assays, including DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). The TPC and TFC were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The results revealed that ethanol extracts displayed the highest antioxidant activity, with significant free radical scavenging abilities and reducing power. The TPC and TFC analyses indicated a robust correlation between phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity, suggesting that these compounds are major contributors to the plant's antioxidant properties. Specifically, the ethanol extract showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid concentrations, correlating with its superior antioxidant performance. These findings position Torilis leptophylla L. as a potent source of natural antioxidants, underscoring its potential for development into pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2026-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/115 10.62218/ijrdt.v1i3.115 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 3, Issue 1, Jan-Mar, 2025 2584-0290 eng https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/115/65 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/119 2026-01-10T07:18:57Z files:ART

Gene Therapy in Drug Development: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Perspectives Mohammad Khalid Gene therapy has emerged as a promising approach to developing novel therapeutics, offering the potential for treating a wide range of genetic disorders, cancers, and other diseases. This review provides an overview of the advancements in gene therapy, including the key technologies, delivery systems, regulatory frameworks, and challenges that influence its integration in drug development. The current state of gene therapy-based products in clinical trials and their impact on pharmaceutical development are also discussed, emphasizing future directions. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2026-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/119 10.62218/ijrdt.v1i3.119 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 3, Issue 1, Jan-Mar, 2025 2584-0290 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/132 2026-01-10T07:25:24Z files:cv

Formulation and Evaluation of a Herbal Nanodressing Using Clove, Cinnamon Bark, and Betel Leaf Extracts: A Simple Solvent Casting Approach Jahan, Iram Jahan, Ashish jiyaul Hak Background:Wound healing is a complex physiological process that requires an optimal environment to prevent infection, reduce inflammation, and promote tissue regeneration. Herbal nanodressings offer a promising alternative to synthetic dressings due to their bioactive, biocompatible, and cost-effective nature. Materials and Methods: Hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained via Soxhlet extraction, and nanoparticles were optionally prepared through ultrasonication. The extracts or nanosuspensions were incorporated into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix and cast into films. These nanodressings were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, antimicrobial activity (disc diffusion method). Results:The films were uniform, flexible, and biocompatible with high folding endurance (>300), tensile strength (12.5 MPa), and optimal pH (6.4). Antimicrobial testing revealed strong inhibition zones against S. aureus (18.2 mm), E. coli (15.7 mm), and P. aeruginosa (14.3 mm). Conclusion:The developed herbal nanodressing provides a low-cost, scalable, and effective wound management system with significant antimicrobial and wound healing potential, ideal for use in resource-limited settings. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2026-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/132 10.62218/ijrdt.v1i4.132 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 3, Issue 4, Oct-Dec, 2025 2584-0290 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/141 2026-01-10T07:08:33Z files:ART

Dual Inhibition of AChE and BACE-1 by Novel Multi-Target-Directed Ligands: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation for Alzheimer’s Disease SINGH, ATUL Alzheimer’s disease, multi-target-directed ligands, acetylcholinesterase, β-secretase, neuroprotection, antioxidant Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive decline, amyloid-β accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and cholinergic deficit, while current therapies offer only symptomatic relief. This study aimed to design and synthesize novel multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) capable of dual inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and β-secretase (BACE-1). Pharmacophore hybrids derived from donepezil and coumarin scaffolds were designed through molecular docking and ADMET screening, synthesized, and characterized by IR, NMR, and MS. In vitro assays revealed several compounds with potent dual inhibition in the nanomolar range, confirmed dual binding modes, and demonstrated strong antioxidant activity and >60 % neuroprotection in oxidative-stress models. These MTDLs exhibit promising multitarget and neuroprotective potential as candidates for disease-modifying Alzheimer’s therapy. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2025-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/141 10.62218/ijrdt.v1i2.141 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 1, Issue 2, Oct-Dec, 2023 2584-0290 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/142 2026-01-10T07:25:24Z files:ART

Stem-Cell–Derived Synthetic Embryo Models: Mechanisms of Self-Organization and Biomedical Applications Chaudhary, Vatan Chaudhary, Vatan Atul Pratap Singh Himanchal Sharma Dhananjay Taumar Shamim Shamim Smriti Gohri Introduction:Synthetic embryo models (SEMs) represent a groundbreaking advancement in developmental biology. Derived from pluripotent stem cells—including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), trophoblast stem cells, and extraembryonic endoderm cells—SEMs aim to replicate early embryogenesis without the use of fertilized eggs. These self-organizing structures mimic key biological processes such as implantation, gastrulation, and early organogenesis, offering a scalable and ethically viable alternative to natural embryos. Methods:SEMs are created in vitro using 3D culture systems under controlled stimuli, allowing pluripotent and extraembryonic stem cells to self-organize into embryo-like structures. This method avoids the need for fertilization and enables reproducible developmental trajectories, supporting investigations into cellular fate decisions and early human development. Results:SEMs have demonstrated significant promise in modeling early human development and reproductive health issues, including implantation failure, infertility, and miscarriage. Their utility extends to drug toxicity testing and modeling of rare genetic diseases. SEMs also provide a platform to enhance assisted reproductive technologies and are adaptable for high-throughput biomedical applications. Discussion:While SEMs are advancing rapidly, key challenges remain. These include incomplete embryonic architecture, variability, and limitations in long-term developmental fidelity. Ethical and legal concerns intensify as SEMs achieve higher complexity. The ISSCR has issued evolving guidelines, and there is a pressing need for global regulatory consensus. Integration with organoids, AI modeling, and multi-omics technologies could further enhance their potential. Conclusion:SEMs offer transformative possibilities in developmental biology and medicine. Standardization and ethical oversight will be essential for their responsible and effective implementation. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2026-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/142 10.62218/ijrdt.v1i4.142 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 3, Issue 4, Oct-Dec, 2025 2584-0290 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/143 2026-01-10T07:25:24Z files:ART

Rapid and Reproducible RP-HPLC Method for Stability and Assay Determination of Enmetazobactam Himanchal Abstract Introduction:Enmetazobactam is a next-generation diazabicyclooctane (DBO) β-lactamase inhibitor that lacks a β-lactam ring yet effectively restores the antibacterial activity of β-lactam antibiotics, particularly cefepime, against extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Gram-negative bacteria. Given its increasing clinical relevance, the availability of a validated analytical method is crucial for quality control, formulation development, and stability evaluation. Materials and Methods: A rapid and reliable reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was established and validated following ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines for the quantitative estimation of Enmetazobactam in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using a phosphate buffer–methanol mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection was performed using UV absorbance at 210 nm, yielding a retention time of approximately 6.5 minutes. Results: The method demonstrated excellent linearity over the concentration range of 70–130% of the target assay level, with a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.999. Precision and accuracy studies showed %RSD values below 2% and recovery results within 98–102%, confirming the reliability of the method. Forced degradation studies under acidic, alkaline, oxidative, photolytic, and thermal conditions established the specificity of the method, with clear separation of degradation products and no interference from formulation excipients. Analytical solutions remained stable for up to 15 hours when stored at 10°C, and system suitability parameters were within acceptable limits. Conclusion: The validated RP-HPLC method is simple, accurate, precise, and stability-indicating, making it suitable for routine quality control and stability testing of Enmetazobactam in bulk and dosage forms. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2026-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/143 10.62218/ijrdt.v1i4.143 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 3, Issue 4, Oct-Dec, 2025 2584-0290 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs.ijrdt.com:article/144 2026-04-10T08:33:33Z files:ART

Advancing neuroaids therapy: a comprehensive review of atazanavir-loaded s-snedds for targeted cns drug delivery taumar, dhananjay Pratap Singh, Atul Sharma, Himanchal Chaudhary, Vatan Background NeuroAIDS remains a significant clinical challenge due to the restricted ability of antiretroviral drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), leading to persistent viral reservoirs within the central nervous system (CNS). Atazanavir, a protease inhibitor, exhibits poor aqueous solubility and limited CNS penetration, necessitating innovative delivery strategies to enhance its therapeutic efficacy in neuro-HIV management. Objective This review aims to evaluate the potential of Supersaturated Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (S-SNEDDS) in improving the bioavailability and CNS delivery of Atazanavir. It also explores synergistic components such as rosemary oil and their role in neuroprotective effects within the context of NeuroAIDS. Methods A comprehensive literature survey was conducted using peer-reviewed articles from databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies related to SNEDDS, S-SNEDDS, Atazanavir delivery, CNS targeting, BBB modulation, and phytochemical-based neuroprotection were critically analyzed and synthesized. Results Evidence from literature suggests that S-SNEDDS can significantly enhance the solubility and oral absorption of Atazanavir. Specific excipients such as surfactants and co-solvents have been reported to modulate BBB permeability, potentially facilitating CNS drug delivery. Rosemary oil components like carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid exhibit promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, offering neuroprotective benefits. However, these findings are primarily based on in vitro and preclinical studies, indicating a need for further translational research. Conclusion Atazanavir-loaded S-SNEDDS represent a promising strategy for overcoming current limitations in NeuroAIDS therapy by enhancing CNS drug targeting. While current evidence is encouraging, further clinical and pharmacokinetic validation is essential. The integration of smart healthcare technologies may further optimize such delivery systems in the future. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2026-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/144 10.62218/ijrdt.v1i4.144 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 3, Issue 4, Oct-Dec, 2025 2584-0290 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

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Effectiveness and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Deepak Goel GLP-1 receptor agonists, cardiovascular outcomes, type 2 diabetes mellitus, major adverse cardiovascular events, systematic review, meta-analysis Abstract Background:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the primary cause of illness and death in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are a relatively new therapeutic class for diabetes and have been suggested to offer cardiovascular protection. Their overall impact on major cardiovascular outcomes and safety, however, remains an important area of clinical evaluation. Objectives:This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the cardiovascular benefits and safety profile of GLP-1 RAs in individuals at high cardiovascular risk, including those with T2DM. Methods:Relevant literature published between January 2016 and June 2025 was searched systematically in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov in line with PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting cardiovascular endpoints such as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), cardiovascular mortality, and safety outcomes were included. Data synthesis was performed using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was examined with the I² statistic. Results:Eight RCTs enrolling 60,572 patients met the eligibility criteria. GLP-1 RAs were associated with a significant reduction in MACE compared with placebo (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 0.88, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.82–0.94, p < 0.001). Stroke incidence was reduced by 15% (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76–0.95), while cardiovascular mortality declined by 13% (HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.80–0.96). Safety analysis indicated a higher risk of mild gastrointestinal adverse effects (Risk Ratio [RR] = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.41–1.72) but no increase in severe hypoglycemia (HR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.87–1.04). Discussion:This analysis highlights that GLP-1 RAs provide substantial cardiovascular benefits in patients with T2DM at elevated risk, particularly through lowering MACE, stroke, and cardiovascular death. Although gastrointestinal intolerance occurs more frequently, it is generally mild and manageable, and the absence of increased severe hypoglycemia reinforces their safety. These findings support the use of GLP-1 RAs not only for glycemic control but also as part of an integrated strategy to reduce cardiovascular burden in diabetes care. Conclusion:GLP-1 receptor agonists demonstrate meaningful cardiovascular protection with an acceptable safety profile. Their dual role in glucose regulation and cardiovascular risk reduction makes them promising agents in the combined management of T2DM and CVD. Shree B. N. Singh Lok Kalyan Shiksha Samiti 2026-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion https://ijrdt.com/index.php/files/article/view/145 10.62218/ijrdt.v1i4.145 International Journal of Research Development and Technology; IJRDT: Volume 3, Issue 4, Oct-Dec, 2025 2584-0290 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Research Development and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0