Comprehensive Review of the Neem Plant's Attributes and Applications

Abstract

The neem plant (Azadirachta indica) is an ancient and versatile botanical resource that has been revered for its numerous medicinal, agricultural, and industrial applications. This review article provides a comprehensive examination of the neem plant, covering its botanical description, traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological properties. The introduction highlights the historical, cultural, and economic significance of the neem plant, emphasizing its widespread utilization in traditional medicine, agriculture, and various other domains. The botanical description and taxonomy section offer a detailed overview of the neem plant's characteristics, including its scientific classification and morphological features. Exploring the traditional and historical uses of the neem plant, this article presents its diverse applications in different cultures and regions. It discusses its role in traditional medicine, agricultural practices, pest control, cosmetic preparations, and cultural rituals, showcasing the long-standing cultural importance of the neem plant. The chemical composition section delves into the bioactive compounds found in the neem plant, such as nimbin, azadirachtin, nimbolide, and limonoids. Extraction methods for these compounds are also discussed, shedding light on their potential applications. The pharmacological properties section examines the extensive research on the neem plant's antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. It explores the mechanisms of action and the therapeutic potential of neem-derived compounds, offering insights into their biomedical applications.