Next-Gen Pharmaceutics: Merging CRISPR, Artificial Intelligence, and Green Chemistry for Smart Drug Delivery Next-Gen Pharmaceutics with CRISPR, AI & Green Chemistry

Abstract

Conventional pharmaceutical development faces significant challenges, including poor drug targeting, lengthy development timelines, and environmental concerns associated with chemical synthesis. Recent advances in biotechnology and digital science, however, offer transformative solutions to these issues. This review examines the convergence of CRISPR gene-editing, artificial intelligence (AI), and green nanotechnology—collectively termed the CRAGE framework—as a multidisciplinary strategy for achieving smarter, more sustainable, and patient-specific drug delivery systems. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on peerreviewed studies published between 2010 and 2025, with an emphasis on case studies, clinical progress, and technological integration among CRISPR, AI, and green nanoparticle synthesis. Findings indicate that CRISPR enables highly specific gene-level interventions, AI supports predictive modeling, formulation design, and toxicity assessment, and green nanotechnology offers eco-friendly carriers with excellent biocompatibility and controlled release properties. The synergistic application of these technologies effectively addresses the limitations of conventional drug delivery approaches and lays the foundation for next-generation pharmaceutics. Integrating CRISPR, AI, and green chemistry represents a paradigm shift in pharmaceutical sciences, enhancing precision, sustainability, and therapeutic efficacy while promoting the development of targeted, environmentally benign, and personalized drug delivery platforms.